2025-2026

SEMESTRE 1

mise à jour : 03/10/2024

thème : ALWASSILA

leçons / devoirs 9

notes et bulletins 19

emploi du temps 7

assiduité 7

rapports pédagogiques 3

réclamations 3

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<p>unit 3 seance 1 the great Irish famine.</p>

<p>grammar : in addition to </p>

<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">→ In addition to being hungry, many people fell ill. → You can use <em><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">in addition to</span></em> when you want to add something to what you've already mentioned. <em><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">To</span></em> is a preposition here and must be followed by a noun phrase. → If you use a verb after a preposition, you must put it in the gerund form: that is, you turn it into a noun by adding <em><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">-ing</span></em> to the base verb.</span></span></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">When a <strong>verb</strong> follows a <strong>preposition</strong>, it must be in the <strong>-ing form</strong> (called a <strong>gerund</strong>).</span></span></span></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif">✅</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> Common Prepositions + Gerund Examples:</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

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			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Preposition</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
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			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Example Sentence</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
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			<p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Explanation</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">after</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">After finishing dinner, we went for a walk.</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><em><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">"Finishing"</span></span></em><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> is the gerund after the preposition <em>after</em>.</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">before</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">She stretches before running.</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><em><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">"Running"</span></span></em><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> follows the preposition <em>before</em>.</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">without</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">He left without saying goodbye.</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><em><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">"Saying"</span></span></em><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> is the gerund after <em>without</em>.</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">by</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">You can improve by practicing every day.</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><em><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">"Practicing"</span></span></em><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> follows <em>by</em>.</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">instead of</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Instead of driving, she took the train.</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><em><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">"Driving"</span></span></em><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> is the gerund after <em>instead of</em>.</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">in addition to</span></span></strong></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">In addition to studying, he works part-time.</span></span></span></span></p>
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			<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><em><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">"Studying"</span></span></em><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> follows <em>in addition to</em>.</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif">⚠️</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> Common Mistake to Avoid:</span></span></strong></span></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif">❌</span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> <em>He left without to say goodbye.</em> </span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Segoe UI Symbol",sans-serif">✅</span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> <em>He left without saying goodbye.</em></span></span></span></span></p>

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15/12/2025 19:44:07

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